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Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet ：ウィキペディア英語版

Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet

Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet (c.1704 – 9 December 1777) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who saw service during the War of Jenkins' Ear, the wider War of the Austrian Succession, and the Seven Years' War. He also briefly served with the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War. He rose to the rank of Admiral in a long and varied career, crowned with both success, and at times, controversy. He was highly educated, and particularly skilled in building and destroying fortifications. His career was mainly centred on the West Indies, where he commanded ships and squadrons in actions against both Spanish and French ships and settlements. Despite an active naval career that saw him rise to be Rear-Admiral of Great Britain, Knowles found time to devote to his studies, working on translations of foreign scientific studies, and developing his own inventions. His career at sea was blighted however by several failures, which may have been a cause of his move to Russia during the later part of his life to oversee the development of the Russian fleet.
==Family and early life==
Knowles was probably born c. 1704, though some sources date his birth to as early as 1697. He was reputed to be an illegitimate son of Charles Knollys, the titular fourth Earl of Banbury.〔 His education was overseen by his half-brother, Lord Wallingford, and Knowles entered the navy in March 1718, having been recommended to Admiral Sir George Byng by Wallingford.〔 Knowles went aboard one of the ships of Byng's fleet, the 70-gun HMS ''Buckingham'', under Captain Charles Strickland, though he moved in April aboard as a captain's servant.〔 He remained aboard the ''Lenox'' until December 1720, serving with Byng's fleet in the Mediterranean.〔 He was present at the Battle of Cape Passaro on 11 August 1718, where he may have temporarily been aboard Byng's flagship .〔
Knowles then moved aboard in June 1721, initially serving as a servant to Captain Vere Beauclerk, and after the first eighteen months as an able seaman.〔 Knowles remained on the ''Lyme''s books throughout her commission in the Mediterranean, discharging in June 1726. This appears to have been a titular posting only, and he probably spent most of his time ashore in studies.〔 On his return to Britain Knowles was appointed to serve aboard the guard ship at Portsmouth, and then Sir Charles Wager's flagship at Kinsale, under the command of Vere Beauclerk.〔 He went on to serve aboard and until his promotion to be lieutenant of the sloop on 30 May 1730. He returned to serve aboard the ''Lion'' in March the following year, when she went to the West Indies as the flagship of Rear-Admiral Charles Stewart.〔

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